- Anglo-Irish nobles are put under strict control after their support for both the pretenders Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck.
- "Poynings' Law" makes all legislation passed by the English parliament automatically applicable to Ireland as well.
- Continual unrest and civil war plagues Ireland, the country descends into anarchy.
- Only massive English intervention brings stability ... at a price.
- Parliament makes Henry VIII King of Ireland, all lands have to be surrendered to him and regranted if applicable and/or convenient.
- The Catholic Queen Mary ("Bloody Mary") initiates plantations in Irish counties of Offaly and Laois.
- Elizabeth I takes the throne and starts ambitious reformation and reorganization schemes in Ireland.
- She also supports widespread settlement of English and Scottish colonists on the island.
- Private colonization of Ireland is stopped, government-sponsored colonization continues.
- Widespread and initially successful Irish rebellions. A Spanish army lands at Kinsale in 1601 (but is soon defeated).
- After the succession of James I to the English throne (1601), the surrender of the main rebels (1603) and the "Flight of the Earls" (1607) Ireland is under James' control.
- Remnants of the "Spanish Armada" wrecked on Irish coasts.
- Foundation of Trinity College Dublin.
- Plantation of Derry starts new wave of enforced colonization.
- A Catholic rebellion, the English Civil War and the bloody re-conquest of Ireland by Oliver Cromwell leads to further colonization and ethnic cleansing: "To Hell or to Connacht!"
