- Gladstone's Land Act recognises tenant's rights.
- The Home Government Association is established.
- County Meath elects Charles Steward Parnell as MP.
- The threat of a new famine leads to unrest and the forming of the Irish National Land League.
- Evictions and the "Land War" begin, both civil disobedience and terrorism being actions of choice.
- Second Land Act by Gladstone.
- Parnell incarcerated at Kilmainham.
- Nationalistic Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) founded.
- Gladstone sponsors first Home Rule Bill, defeated in Parliament.
- John Redmond elected leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party and the United Irish League (founded in 1898).
- Abbey Theatre opens in Dublin.
- Sinn Féin ("we ourselves") founded.
- Dockers' strike and severe sectarian riots interrupt life in Belfast.
- Northern Protestants rally around Edward Carson, signing a "Solemn Covenant" against any Home Rule.
- General strike in Dublin.
- Both the Ulster Volunteer Force (unionist and opposed to Home Rule) and the nationalistic Irish Volunteers smuggle large quantities of arms into Ireland - both being supplied by the Germans!
- The outbreak of the First World War leads to a postponement of already decided Home Rule.
- The IRB forms a secret Military Council.
- Attempts to raise an "Irish Brigade" amongst PoWs in Germany are made by Roger Casement (executed for treason in 1916).
- Led by the IRB the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizens Army (a trade union branch) rise in arms on Easter Monday, occupying the Dublin GPO.
- The rebellion ends in total failure, but the summary execution of most leaders swings public opinion behind the rebels.
- In Summer later the Ulster Division all but vanishes in the bloodbath of the Battle of the Somme.
